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Evolution of Computer and its parts.

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Let us have a look on some early computing machine.
CALCULATING DEVICES OF EARLY AGE
ABACUS  was the first calculating device,invented in the sixteenth century in CHINA.
The word ABACUS is derived from the Greek word,ABAX,meaning table or board covered
with dust.
ABACUS allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged in a wooden frame.
In earlier days,ABACUS was mainly used by merchants for doing business Account calculations.
ABACUS works on the principal of place-value notation. simple calculations like,addition or subtraction are performed by shifting beads on earlier sides.
The three most popular ABACUS are-Chinese, Japanese and Russian:


  1. Chinese Abacus:-
The Chinese abacus was the first abacus to be developed. it consists of a rectangular box like wooden frame having a middle bar ,which partitions the frame into two parts-a bigger section and a smaller section.the rectangular box also consists of vertical wires,which pass from one side to another across the middle bar.the beads are present on these horizontal wires.
the smaller section is called Heaven which has two beads in all the horizontal wires.each bead has a numeric value of 5.the bigger section is called Earth which has five beads in each wire.the value assigned to each bead in Earth is 1.
The Chinese ABACUS is called suan-pan in China.
2.Japanese Abasus:-
After the successful implementation of the Chinese Abacus,the people of Japan were inspired to make another kind of Abacus.this Abacus was known as Japanese Abacus in japan.
In Japan ,this ABACUS is known as Soropan.
This form of Abacus had one bead in every wire of the Heaven section, instead of two beads as in Chinese ABACUS.the calculation method and other things in Japanese ABACUS were same as Chinese Abacus.
3.Russian Abacus:-

Another popular form of ABACUS was developed by the Russian SCLT.in this ABACUS the middle bar is not present. Each horizontal wire consists of ten beads.there is no Heaven and Earth section. The value of each bead is one.to display a number,the beads are shifted to one direction.
The ABACUS could only add and subtract numbers.the matod of using of Abacus  is manually.
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SLIDE RULE and PASCALINE

Slide rule:- The slide rule was invented by William Oughlted. Calculations in the slide rule are done using Logarithms. Pascaline :- Blaise Pascal invented a numerical wheel wheel calculator. this calculator consisted of a rectangular box which had eight movable wheels.It was used to sum numbers,consisting of eight digits.the speed of adding a number using PASCALINE was very fast as compared to the other devices available at that time .
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COMPUTER-A MACHINE

Dear friends, look at these pictures. These are pictures of different machines. Machines are man-made things. They help us to do different types of work. All machines have some things in common. Most machines run on electricity Some machines run on fuel. Some machines work with human power. In the same way.... A Computer is also a machine. it runs on electricity. a Computer can do many things. Let us see,what does a Computer do.
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DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE

THE REAL BEGGINING OF COMPUTERS OCCURED IN THE 19TH CENTURY,WHEN CHARLES BABBAGE   INVENTED FIRST MECHANICAL COMPUTER. THIS LAID THE FOUNDATION OF THE MODERN COMPUTER. CHARLES BABBAGE WAS A PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY .HE FIRST INVENTED A MACHINE THAT WAS USED TO CALCULATE THE RESULT OF DIFFERENT EQUATIONS.THIS MACHINE WAS CALLED  DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE   .THIS MACHINE GOT POWER FROM STEAM.THE MACHINE HAD SOME INSTRUCTIONS STORED IN IT AND THE IT PERFORMED CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS THE DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE WAS ACCURATE UP TO 20 TH POSITION OF DECIMAL. AFTER 10 YEARS LATER, BABBAGE INVENTED THE FIRST GENERAL COMPUTER KNOW AS THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE.IT HAS THE SAME BASIC ELEMENTS AS THE MODERN COMPUTERS. THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE HAD INPUT,OUTPUT AND MEMORY DEVICES .THE INPUT DEVICE HAD PERFORATED CARDS WHICH CONTAINS INSTRUCTIONS .THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE HAD MEMORY WHICH WAS LARGE ENOUGH TO STORE 1000 NUMBERS UP TO 50 DECIMAL DIGITS LO...
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